تعرض الدالة explain() خطة تنفيذ لاستعلام DataStore، مما يساعدك على فهم العمليات التي ستُنفَّذ وعبارات SQL التي سيتم توليدها.
الاستخدام الأساسي
from pathlib import Path
Path("sales.csv").write_text("""\
region,product,category,amount,quantity,price,date,order_id
East,Widget,Electronics,5200,10,120,2024-01-15,1001
West,Gadget,Electronics,800,5,160,2024-02-20,1002
East,Gizmo,Home,6500,3,100,2024-03-10,1003
North,Widget,Electronics,4500,6,150,2024-06-18,1004
West,Gadget,Electronics,2000,8,250,2024-09-14,1005
""")
from chdb import datastore as pd
ds = pd.read_csv("sales.csv")
query = (ds
.filter(ds['amount'] > 1000)
.groupby('region')
.agg({'amount': ['sum', 'mean']})
.sort('sum', ascending=False)
)
# View execution plan
query.explain()الصيغة
explain(verbose=False) -> Noneالمعلمات:
| المعلمة | النوع | الافتراضي | الوصف |
|---|---|---|---|
verbose |
bool | False |
عرض بيانات وصفية إضافية |
صيغة الإخراج
الإخراج القياسي
================================================================================
Execution Plan (in execution order)
================================================================================
[1] 📊 Data Source: file('sales.csv', 'csv')
Operations:
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
️ Segment 1 [chDB] (from source): Operations 2-5
️ Note: SQL operations after Pandas ops use Python() table function
[2] 🚀 [chDB] WHERE: "amount" > 1000
[3] 🚀 [chDB] GROUP BY: region
[4] 🚀 [chDB] AGGREGATE: sum(amount), avg(amount)
[5] 🚀 [chDB] ORDER BY: sum DESC
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Final State: 📊 Pending (lazy, not yet executed)
└─> Will execute when print(), .to_df(), .execute() is called
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Generated SQL Query:
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT region, SUM(amount) AS sum, AVG(amount) AS mean
FROM file('sales.csv', 'csv')
WHERE "amount" > 1000
GROUP BY region
ORDER BY sum DESC
================================================================================دليل الأيقونات
| الأيقونة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| 📊 | مصدر بيانات |
| 🚀 | عملية chDB (SQL) |
| 🐼 | عملية pandas |
الإخراج التفصيلي
query.explain(verbose=True)يعرض الوضع التفصيلي تفاصيل إضافية لكل عملية، بما في ذلك استعلام SQL الكامل مع آليات داخلية لتتبّع ترتيب الصفوف.
مراحل التنفيذ الثلاث
تعرض مخرجات EXPLAIN العمليات عبر ثلاث مراحل:
المرحلة 1: بناء استعلام SQL (التنفيذ المؤجل)
العمليات التي تُترجم إلى SQL:
1. Source: file('sales.csv', 'CSVWithNames')
2. Filter: amount > 1000
3. GroupBy: region
4. Aggregate: sum(amount)المرحلة 2: نقطة التنفيذ
عند تفعيل المُشغِّل:
5. Execute SQL -> DataFrame
Trigger: to_df() calledالمرحلة 3: العمليات على DataFrame
العمليات بعد التنفيذ:
6. [pandas] pivot_table(...)
7. [pandas] apply(custom_func)فهم خطة التنفيذ
معلومات المصدر
Source: file('sales.csv', 'CSVWithNames')file()- دالة الجدول file() في ClickHouse'CSVWithNames'- تنسيق ملف يتضمن صف عناوين
أنواع المصادر الأخرى:
Source: s3('bucket/data.parquet', ...)
Source: mysql('host', 'db', 'table', ...)
Source: __dataframe__ (pandas DataFrame input)عمليات التصفية
Filter: amount > 1000 AND status = 'active'يوضح بند WHERE الذي سيُطبَّق.
GroupBy والتجميع
GroupBy: region, category
Aggregate: sum(amount), avg(amount), count(id)يعرض الأعمدة المستخدمة في GROUP BY ودوال التجميع.
عمليات الترتيب
Sort: sum DESC, region ASCيعرض عبارة ORDER BY.
عمليات LIMIT
Limit: 10
Offset: 100يعرض LIMIT وOFFSET.
معلومات المحرّك
عند استخدام الوضع المفصّل، يمكنك رؤية المحرّك الذي سيُستخدم:
Filter: amount > 1000
- Engine: chdb
- Pushdown: Yes
Apply: custom_function
- Engine: pandas
- Pushdown: NoPushdown
- نعم: ستُنفَّذ العملية في مصدر البيانات (SQL)
- لا: تتطلب العملية تنفيذها باستخدام pandas
أمثلة
استعلام بسيط
from pathlib import Path
Path("data.csv").write_text("""\
name,age,city,salary,department
Alice,25,NYC,55000,Engineering
Bob,30,LA,65000,Product
Charlie,35,NYC,80000,Engineering
Diana,28,SF,70000,Design
Eve,42,NYC,95000,Product
""")
ds = pd.read_csv("data.csv")
ds.filter(ds['age'] > 25).explain()================================================================================
Execution Plan (in execution order)
================================================================================
[1] 📊 Data Source: file('data.csv', 'csv')
Operations:
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
️ Segment 1 [chDB] (from source): Operations 2-2
[2] 🚀 [chDB] WHERE: "age" > 25
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Generated SQL Query:
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT * FROM file('data.csv', 'csv') WHERE "age" > 25
================================================================================التجميع المعقّد
query = (ds
.filter(ds['date'] >= '2024-01-01')
.filter(ds['amount'] > 100)
.select('region', 'category', 'amount')
.groupby('region', 'category')
.agg({
'amount': ['sum', 'mean', 'count']
})
.sort('sum', ascending=False)
.limit(20)
)
query.explain()================================================================================
Execution Plan (in execution order)
================================================================================
[1] 📊 Data Source: file('sales.csv', 'csv')
Operations:
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
️ Segment 1 [chDB] (from source): Operations 2-8
[2] 🚀 [chDB] WHERE: "date" >= '2024-01-01'
[3] 🚀 [chDB] WHERE: "amount" > 100
[4] 🚀 [chDB] SELECT: region, category, amount
[5] 🚀 [chDB] GROUP BY: region, category
[6] 🚀 [chDB] AGGREGATE: sum(amount), avg(amount), count(amount)
[7] 🚀 [chDB] ORDER BY: sum DESC
[8] 🚀 [chDB] LIMIT: 20
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Generated SQL Query:
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SELECT region, category,
SUM(amount) AS sum,
AVG(amount) AS mean,
COUNT(amount) AS count
FROM file('sales.csv', 'csv')
WHERE "date" >= '2024-01-01' AND "amount" > 100
GROUP BY region, category
ORDER BY sum DESC
LIMIT 20
================================================================================SQL وpandas معًا
عندما يتعذر تنفيذ جميع العمليات بالكامل داخل SQL، تُظهر الخطة عدة مقاطع:
query = (ds
.filter(ds['age'] > 25) # SQL
.groupby('city') # SQL
.agg({'salary': 'mean'}) # SQL
.apply(lambda x: x * 1.1) # pandas (triggers segment split)
.filter(ds['mean'] > 50000) # SQL (new segment)
)
query.explain()================================================================================
Execution Plan (in execution order)
================================================================================
[1] 📊 Data Source: file('data.csv', 'csv')
Operations:
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
️ Segment 1 [chDB] (from source): Operations 2-4
️ Segment 2 [Pandas] (on DataFrame): Operation 5
️ Segment 3 [chDB] (on DataFrame): Operation 6
️ Note: SQL operations after Pandas ops use Python() table function
[2] 🚀 [chDB] WHERE: "age" > 25
[3] 🚀 [chDB] GROUP BY: city
[4] 🚀 [chDB] AGGREGATE: avg(salary)
[5] 🐼 [Pandas] APPLY: lambda
[6] 🚀 [chDB] WHERE: "mean" > 50000
================================================================================استكشاف الأخطاء وإصلاحها باستخدام explain()
تحقّق من منطق التصفية
# Verify your filter is correct
query = ds.filter((ds['age'] > 25) & (ds['city'] == 'NYC'))
query.explain()
# Output shows: Filter: age > 25 AND city = 'NYC'تحقّق من تحديد العمود
# Check column pruning
query = ds.select('name', 'age').filter(ds['age'] > 25)
query.explain()
# Output shows: SELECT name, age FROM ... WHERE age > 25فهم التجميع
# Check aggregation functions
query = ds.groupby('dept').agg({'salary': ['sum', 'mean', 'std']})
query.explain()
# Output shows: SELECT dept, SUM(salary), AVG(salary), stddevPop(salary)أفضل الممارسات
1. تحقّق قبل تنفيذ الاستعلامات الكبيرة
# Always explain first for large data
query = ds.complex_pipeline()
query.explain() # Check plan
# If plan looks correct
result = query.to_df() # Execute2. استخدم تفصيلي لاستكشاف الأخطاء وإصلاحها
# When something seems wrong
query.explain(verbose=True)
# Shows engine selection and pushdown info3. قارن مع to_sql()
# explain() shows the plan
query.explain()
# to_sql() shows just the SQL
print(query.to_sql())
# Both useful for different purposes4. التحقّق من حالة Pushdown
# Verbose mode shows if operations are pushed down
query.explain(verbose=True)
# If Pushdown: No, operation runs in pandas
# Consider restructuring query for better performance